Nom
Cette sourate a été ainsi désignée en raison de l’emploi du mot "ash-shams" (le soleil) au premier verset.
Période de révélation
Le thème ainsi que le style de cette sourate montrent qu’elle a été révélée au tout début de la première période mecquoise, à un moment où l’opposition au Prophète (paix et salut sur lui) était devenue très forte.
Thème traité
Le thème de cette sourate est d’établir la distinction entre le bien et le mal, et d’avertir les gens, qui refusaient de comprendre cette distinction et persistaient à suivre le chemin du mal, de leur funeste fin. Étant donnée la thématique de la sourate, celle-ci se divise en deux parties. La première partie s’étend du verset 1 au verset 10, et la seconde partie du verset 11 au verset 15. La première partie traite de trois points :
De même que le Soleil et la Lune, le jour et la nuit, la terre et le ciel, sont différents les uns des autres et contraires dans leurs effets et leurs conséquences, le bien et le mal diffèrent et sont contraires dans leurs effets et leurs conséquences ; ils ne sont pas similaires dans leur apparence et ne peuvent être similaires dans leur résultat.
Après avoir doté l’homme de capacités physiques propres, les sens et l’esprit, Allah ne l’a pas laissé sans la connaissance du monde. Il a plutôt instillé dans son inconscient, par le moyen d’une inspiration naturelle, la capacité de distinguer le bien du mal, et de ressentir que le bien est beau et que le mal est laid.
Ayant reçu d’Allah le pouvoir du discernement, la volonté et le jugement, l’avenir de l’homme dépend de la manière dont il développe son penchant vers le bien et débarrasse son égo des tendances au mal. S’il développe la propension au bien et libère son ego de l’inclination au mal, il atteindra le succès dans l’au-delà, mais si, à l’opposé, il supprime le bien et encourage le mal, il rencontrera déception et échec.
Texte 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