Nom
" Nûh " (Noé) est non seulement le titre de cette sourate mais également son thème principal. En effet, cette sourate relate, depuis son début jusqu’à sa fin, le récit du Prophète Nûh.
Période de Révélation
C’est aussi une des premières Sourates révélées à la Mecque Honorée ; son thème montre qu’elle est descendue à une époque où l’opposition au message du Prophète Muhammad — paix et bénédictions sur lui — par les mécréants mecquois était forte et active.
Thème
Dans cette sourate, l’histoire du Prophète Nûh n’a pas été racontée dans le simple but de narrer un récit… mais elle vise à avertir les mécréants mecquois, comme pour le dire : " Vous, peuple de la Mecque, avez adopté envers Muhammad — paix et bénédictions sur lui — la même attitude que le peuple de Nûh a adopté jadis envers son Prophète. Si vous ne changez pas cette attitude, vous aussi pourriez avoir un sort identique au leur". Cela n’a bien sûr pas été dit par autant de mots dans la Sourate, mais les conditions dans lesquelles a été narrée cette histoire au peuple de la Mecque, rendent ce message évident.
Les versets 2 à 4 exposent brièvement comment a débuté la mission de Nûh, Paix et Bénédiction sur lui, et le message qu’il a prêché. Après avoir subi des souffrances et des peines dans la voie de sa mission pendant de très longues années, les versets de 5 à 20 font part du bilan qu’il a adressé à Son Seigneur. Il y exprime comment il a essayé d’amener au droit chemin son peuple, qui s’est opposé à lui obstinément. Après cela, le dernier mot du Prophète Nûh — paix sur lui — est rapporté dans les versets 21-24 : " Ces gens ont rejeté mon appel : ils suivent aveuglément leurs chefs qui n’ont cessé d’ourdir d’immenses stratagèmes et complots. Aujourd’hui, ces gens doivent être privés de la moindre grâce pour accepter la guidance ".
Ce n’est point une expression d’une quelconque impatience de la part du Prophète Nûh. En effet, il n’a dit cela qu’après avoir prêché son message dans des conditions extrêmement difficiles et ce, des siècles durant. Il fut complètement déçu par son peuple et vit que qu’il ne restait aucune chance pour les amener au droit chemin. Son opinion était parfaitement conforme à la propre Décision d’Allah. Ainsi, dans le verset suivant (v. 25)-, il a été dit : " A cause de leurs fautes, ils ont été noyés…".
Dans le verset de conclusion, la supplication qu’a faite le Prophète Nûh, Paix sur lui, à son Seigneur a été rapportée , au moment ou le tourment s’abattait. Il y invoque le Pardon de Dieu pour lui et pour tous les croyants et se soumet à Allah, ainsi a-t-il dit : "Seigneur, ne laisse sur la terre aucun infidèle. Si Tu les laisses [en vie], ils égareront Tes serviteurs et n’engendreront que des pécheurs infidèles. "
Lors de l’étude de cette Sourate, il faut garder en vue les détails de l’histoire du Prophète Nûh rapportées dans le Coran. On peut se référer à la sourate Al-A`râf : 59-64, sourate Yûnus : 71,73, sourate Hûd : 25-49, sourate Al-Mu’minûn : 23-31, sourate Ash-Shua`râ : 105-122, sourate Al-`Ankabût : 14,15, sourate As-Sâffât : 75-82, Al-Qamar : 9-16.
Texte 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