Nom
Cette sourate est nommée "Al-Fâtihah" (i.e. "La Liminaire") de par son contenu. "Fâtihah" désigne le début d’un sujet, d’un livre ou de toute autre chose. En d’autres termes, sourate Al-Fâtihah s’apparente à une préface.
Versets
Cette sourate comporte 7 versets.
Période de révélation
C’est une des premières révélations au Saint Prophète. En réalité, nous apprenons par les Traditions authentiques qu’il s’agit de la première sourate complète révélée à Mohammad — paix et bénédictions sur lui. Précédemment, seuls quelques versets divers avaient été révélés, à savoir des parties des sourates Al-`Alaq, Al-Muzzamil, Al-Muddaththir, etc.
Thème
Cette sourate est en fait une prière qu’Allâh a enseignée à tous ceux qui souhaitent étudier Son Livre. La sourate a été placée au commencement du Livre pour apprendre au lecteur que celui qui souhaite sincèrement tirer profit du Coran doit offrir cette prière au Seigneur de l’univers.
Cette sourate est destinée à créer dans le cœur du lecteur un profond désir qui l’incitera à rechercher la guidance du Seigneur de l’univers, qui Seul peut l’accorder. Sourate Al-Fâtihah enseigne indirectement à l’homme que les meilleures choses pour lui sont de prier Dieu afin d’être guidé vers le droit chemin, d’étudier le Coran tel un chercheur de vérité et de reconnaître que le Seigneur de l’univers est la source de toute connaissance. Il convient donc de commencer l’étude du Coran par une prière pour sa propre guidance.
De ce fait, il apparaît clairement que cette sourate n’est pas seulement l’introduction d’un livre : c’est une prière et le Coran est sa réponse. Sourate Al-Fâtihah est la prière du serviteur et le Coran est la réponse du Maître à sa prière. Le serviteur prie Allâh de le guider et le Maître lui confie la totalité du Coran pour réponse à sa prière, comme pour dire : "Voici la guidance que tu m’as implorée."
Texte 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