Nom
La sourate doit son nom au verset 224 où le mot ash-shu`arâ’ (les poètes) apparaît.
Période de Révélation
Le sujet de cette sourate et son style montrent - et les traditions le confirment - qu’elle a été révélée pendant la deuxième partie de la période mecquoise. D’après Ibn `Abbâs, sourate Tâ Ha a été révélée en premier, suivie de sourate Al-Wâqi`ah puis de sourate Ash-Shu`arâ’. (Rûh Al-Ma`ânî, volume 19, p.64) En ce qui concerne sourate Tâ Ha, il est bien connu qu’elle a été révélée avant que notre maître `Umar n’embrasse l’islam.
Sujet et thèmes
L’arrière-plan de cette sourate est que les mécréants de la Mecque refusaient obstinément, pour un prétexte ou un autre, d’accepter le message de l’Islam apporté par le saint Prophète. Parfois, ils disaient que ce dernier ne leur avait montré aucun signe les convainquant de son statut de Prophète. D’autres fois, ils le taxaient de poète ou de sorcier et raillaient son message. D’autres fois encore, ils se raillaient sa Mission disant que ses disciples étaient soit de jeunes fous, soit des gens pauvres et des esclaves alors que, prétendaient-ils, si sa Mission réellement quelque valeur pour les gens, les nobles et les personnes plus âgés l’auraient acceptée en premier. Ainsi quand, d’une part, le saint Prophète se fatiguait à leur montrer les failles de leurs croyances et à leur prouver la vérité des doctrines du Monothéisme et de l’Au-Delà, les mécréant, d’autre part, ne se lassaient jamais d’inventer des prétextes successifs. Cette situation a causé une grande douleur et une tristesse chez le saint Prophète.
Telles étaient les circonstances lors de la révélation de cette sourate. Elle commence donc avec des paroles de consolations pour le saint Prophète ssous-entendant : "Pourquoi te tourmentes-tu pour leur sort ? Le fait que ces gens ne croient pas en toi n’est pas dû à ce qu’ils n’aient pas vu un Signe mais cela est plutôt dû à leur obstination. Ils ne vont pas écouter la raison, ils veulent voir un Signe qui les feraient se prosterner en toute humilité. Quand ce Signe apparaîtra en son juste temps, ils se rendront compte eux-mêmes que ce qui leur était présenté était la Vérité."
Texte 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