Époque et raison de la Révélation
Le thème de cette sourate montre qu’elle a été révélée durant la dernière étape du séjour du Noble Prophète à La Mecque, lorsque les Qurayshites se demandaient s’il fallait le tuer, l’exiler ou l’emprisonner. A ce moment, quelques mécréants lui posèrent cette question (probablement à l’initiative des juifs) pour le tester : "Pourquoi les israélites allèrent en Égypte ?". Cette question fut posée car ils savaient que leur histoire était inconnue des arabes : aucune trace figure dans leurs traditions et le Noble Prophète n’y avait encore jamais fait référence. C’est pourquoi ils s’attendaient à ce qu’il soit incapable de donner satisfaction à cette question ou bien d’esquiver et essayer de s’informer auprès des juifs. Ainsi, il aurait été totalement dévoilé. Mais, contrairement à leurs attentes la situation se retourna contre eux : Allâh révéla l’histoire complète du Prophète Joseph d’une traite et le Noble Prophète la récita immédiatement. Ainsi les Qurayshites se trouvèrent dans une situation embarrassante : non seulement leur complot échoua mais cela constitua un habile avertissement pour eux ; c’est comme s’il avait été dit : " Votre comportement avec le Prophète ressemble nettement à celui que les frères du Prophète Joseph tenaient avec lui ; vous devriez donc trouver la même fin."
Objectifs de la Révélation
Dès lors, on conclut facilement que la révélation de cette sourate a deux objectifs. Le premier consistait à prouver la véracité de la Mission Prophétique de Muhammad, en fournissant les preuves exigées par ses détracteurs, afin de leur montrer que sa connaissance ne s’appuyait pas sur un simple ouï-dire, mais qu’elle a été acquise par la Révélation Divine. Cet aspect est explicitement présenté dans les premiers versets et clairement expliqué dans les derniers. Le deuxième était d’appliquer la sourate aux Qurayshites et de les avertir que finalement le conflit entre eux et le Noble Prophète se terminera par sa victoire sur eux. Ils ont persécuté leur frère, le Noble Prophète, de la même manière que les frères du Prophète Joseph l’ont persécuté. Les Qurayshites sont informés qu’ils échoueront dans leur mauvais stratagème comme ont échoué les frères du Prophète Joseph, quand bien même ces derniers l’avaient jeté dans le puits. Personne n’a le pouvoir de défier la Volonté Divine. Et de la même façon que les frères du Prophète Joseph ont dû faire preuve d’humilité à son égard, un jour, les Qurayshites devront demander pardon à leur frère qu’ils avaient essayer d’éliminer. Cela, également avait été établi dans le verset 7 : "Il y avait certainement, en Joseph et ses frères, des exhortations pour ceux qui interrogent".
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